Following the sequence from raw materials to finished product—covering every step:
1. Raw Material Preparation
Main Materials: Oxygen-free copper rods / aluminum rods, insulating plastics (PVC / XLPE / Low Smoke Zero Halogen), sheathing compounds.
Auxiliary Materials: Steel tape, steel wire, copper tape, filler cords, water-blocking tape, non-woven fabric, color-coding tape.

2. Wire Drawing (Drawing thick rods into fine single strands)
Large-diameter copper/aluminum rods → Cold drawing through multiple drawing dies → Drawn into fine copper/aluminum wires of uniform diameter. Function: Establishes precise wire diameter, ensures a smooth surface finish, and enhances electrical conductivity.
3. Annealing
Hard-drawn wires → High-temperature heating at a constant temperature → Slow cooling. Function: Softens the wire, improves ductility/toughness, reduces electrical resistance, and minimizes the risk of wire breakage.
4. Stranding / Bunching (Forming the Conductor)
Multiple fine single strands → Twisted together according to a specified lay length and direction → Formed into a multi-strand solid conductor. Common Configurations: 7-strand, 19-strand, 37-strand, etc.; the higher the strand count, the more flexible the cable.
5. Insulation Extrusion (The Most Critical Process)
The stranded conductor passes through the extrusion die head → A uniform insulating layer is applied to the outer surface. 

Low Voltage: Standard PVC insulation.
Medium/High Voltage: XLPE (Cross-linked Polyethylene) insulation.
Supporting Systems: In-line diameter measurement and eccentricity detection to ensure uniform insulation thickness and an absence of air bubbles.

6. Cross-linking Treatment (Exclusive to High-Voltage Cables)

After insulation, the cable enters a cross-linking pipe (or undergoes warm-water cross-linking) → The plastic molecules undergo cross-linking and curing. Function: Enhances resistance to high temperatures and high voltages, and significantly extends the cable's service life.

7. Cabling / Laying-up (Combining Multiple Cores)
Multiple single-color insulated cores (2-core, 3-core, 4-core, etc.) → Twisted together according to a specific lay length to form the complete cable assembly → Filler cords are added to the interstices to ensure a round cable profile → Wrapped with water-blocking tape or non-woven fabric to stabilize the cable structure. 8. Shielding (Performed only when required)
Two common types:

8.Semiconductor Shielding: The inner layer of high-voltage cables, designed to equalize the electric field.
Metal Shielding: Longitudinal wrapping with copper tape / braiding with copper wires; provides interference resistance and grounding protection.

9. Armoring (For direct burial; provides crush and tensile resistance)

Steel Tape Armoring: Two layers of galvanized steel tape wrapped around the cable → Provides crush resistance; suitable for direct burial.
Steel Wire Armoring: Fine steel wires wound around the cable → Provides tensile strength; suitable for vertical shafts and submarine applications.

10. Sheath Extrusion (Outer Layer Protection)

The assembled cable enters an extruder to apply an outer sheath layer (typically PVC, PE, Low Smoke Zero Halogen, or TPU). Simultaneously, inline marking is applied: model number, voltage rating, length (meterage), manufacturer name, and applicable standard number.

11. Finished Product Inspection and Testing
Mandatory Tests:
Conductor DC Resistance
Insulation Resistance and Power Frequency Withstand Voltage
Outer Diameter, Wall Thickness, and Visual Appearance
Specialized tests: Flame Retardance, Fire Resistance, Aging Resistance, Oil Resistance, etc.

12. Coiling, Warehousing, and Dispatch

Passed Inspection → Automatic Metering → Coiling onto Cable Reels → Packaging and Warehousing → Shipment.